The solid electrolyte, often made from ceramics, glass, or specialised polymers, allows for a more compact and efficient battery design. This change not only increases the energy density, enabling the battery to store more energy in a smaller space but also enhances safety by eliminating the risk of leakage and significantly reducing the chances of thermal runaway, which can lead to overheating or combustion.

The architecture of solid-state batteries typically includes a lithium metal anode, which provides a higher capacity compared to traditional graphite anodes. The cathode material can vary, but common choices include lithium cobalt oxide or lithium iron phosphate, optimised for solid-state applications. The solid electrolyte interface between the anode and cathode facilitates the movement of lithium ions during charging and discharging cycles, with much greater stability and less resistance compared to liquid electrolytes.

One of the critical technical advantages of solid-state batteries is their ability to operate efficiently at a broader range of temperatures, which is particularly beneficial for electric vehicles and other applications requiring robust performance in varied environmental conditions. Additionally, the solid-state design often supports faster charging times and higher power output, addressing two significant limitations of current battery technologies. Overall, solid-state batteries represent a major leap forward in energy storage technology, combining enhanced safety, higher energy density, and improved performance characteristics to meet the growing demands of modern electronic devices and electric vehicles.